Background and aim: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease with multiple complications. SKIN tag is a pedunculated papule, which is more common in women and has been suggested as a cutaneous marker of diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of diabetes mellitus in patients with SKIN tags.Materials and methods: This descriptive study was done on 100 patients with SKIN tags. The investigation included fasting blood sugar (FBS) and glucose tolerance test (OTT).Results: 66 patients had normal FBS, 27 had diabetes mellitus, 5 had impaired OTT and 2 had impaired fasting glucose. Over all, 34 had abnormal glucose metabolism, 7 were unaware of their metabolic abnormality. Among 40 hospitalized patients 50% had abnormal glucose metabolism meanwhile 23.3% of 60 outpatients had this abnormality (p<0.01). No association was seen between BMI, obesity, gender, location and number of SKIN tags with abnormal metabolism of glucose.Conclusion: It is recommended to consider SKIN tags as a cetaceous marker for abnormality of glucose metabolism.

Background and aim: Non-melanoma SKIN cancers (NMSC) are one of the most prevalent malignancies of the human. Although the morality rate is not high for these cancers, they may cause high morbility for the patients. In addition to the SKIN type, factors such as sun exposure, head and neck radiotherapy, inappropriate use of sunscreen and cultural changes may increase the incidence of these cancers. The objective of this study was to determine NMSC in Isfahan.Materials and Methods: We used data of the cancer resistery center for performing this study and the incidence of NMSC per 100,000 populations was determined. Results: Overall 1681 cases were registered. The incidence of NMSC was calculated to be 10.67/100,000population. The most common site for BCC and SCC was middle face. Conclusion: NMSC incidence in Isfahan is lower than west countries although this incidence is 10.67/100,000in a year. It means that 5-6 thousand cases of NMSC occur in Iran each year. We can prevent its morbidity and mortality by early correct diagnosis.

Introduction: There is a consensus in the literature that sentinel lymph node BIOPSY is the standard procedure for axillary staging in early stage (I and II) breast cancer patients. Usually during lymphoscintigraphy, the location of the sentinel lymph node is marked on the SKIN by an indelible ink.In this study we evaluated this issue in our patients.Methods: 40 patients with the clinical diagnosis of early stage breast cancer (stage I or II) were included into the study. All patients received periareolar intradermal injections of 18.5 MBq Tc-99m antimony sulfide colloid 2-4 hours before the surgery and 2 ml patent blue V dye in a subdermal and periareolar fashion during surgery. The patients were divided randomly into two groups (20 patients in each group). In group I, the anterior and lateral locations of the sentinel lymph node were marked on the SKIN with an indelible ink. In group II, no SKIN marking was used. A sentinel node was defined as any blue node or any node with an ex vivo radioisotope count of twofold or greater than the axillary background. All patients underwent standard axillary lymph node dissection after sentinel node BIOPSY.Results: Mean age and tumor size were not significantly different between groups. SLN detection rate and number of detected SLNs were not significantly different either (P>0.05). Number of detected lymph nodes was 1.24±0.43 and 1.28±0.61 in group I and II of the patients, respectively.False negative rate (negative SLN and positive axillary nodes) for both groups were 0%.Conclusion: Although marking the location of the sentinel lymph node on the SKIN with an indelible ink can guide the surgeon during surgery, it can not increase the sentinel lymph node detection rate or improve the results of sentinel lymph node BIOPSY.

Background and Aim: Fine Needle Aspiration BIOPSY is an effective diagnostic method in the field of medical pathologies. Easiness, accuracy, validity and usefulness of this method have been verified frequently. This method is useful not only for soft tisse or even intraosseous lesions, but also recurrence of tumors (metastasis), resistence to treatment, verification of malignancy, differentiation between malignancy and benignment and determination of organisms causes infection. Unfortunately the use of this method is not common in dental pathology. So this study intendes to show the diagnostic value of FNA specially for intraosseous lesions causing jaw radiolucency.Methods and Materials: This investigation consisted of 80 patients who were referred to Taleghani General Hospital who were then referred to the pathology or surgery departments at Shahid Beheshti dental school.Cases consist of 29 females (36.25) % and 51 males (63.75%). Sampletaking was conducted using a 10 cc, gauge 19 syringe.Results: Results show 90% sensitivity and 75% specificity for jaw radiolucent lesions in FNA method. Correlation between FNA and jaw radiolucencies was significant (P<0.001) and it's power was at equal accepctable level according to cramer's V (phi - cramer's =0.623). Based on FNA cytology power, lesions with positive predictive value of 78.30 had a microscopic view compatible to the findings of other similar studies.Conclusion: FNA can be used as a reliable method for rapid, early and in expensive diagnosis, resulting in an on time, and appropriate treatment plan.

Aim and Method: There is an urgent need to develop surrogate markers to aid in the diagnosis and assessment of treatment efficacy in human diabetic neuropathy. 22 diabetic patients underwent detailed assessment of Neuropathy Impairment Score in the lower limbs (NIS-LL), electrophysiology (EMG), quantitative sensory testing (QST), corneal confocal microscopy (CCFM) and SKIN BIOPSY. On the basis of NIS-LL, EMG and QST assessment 11 patients were classed to have no neuropathy (age= 50±10 years, NIS-LL= 4+/-4, Peroneal Nerve Conduction Velocity (PNCV) 50+/- 10 m/s, Sural Nerve Amplitude Potential (SNAP) 11 +/- 7 mA, Tibial Nerve Onset Latency (TNOL) 15+/-2 ms, Vibration Perception Threshold (VPT) 7+/- 4 V, Cooling Detection Threshold (CDT) 57 +/- 28 pc, Deep Breathing Heart Rate Variability (DBHRV) 67+/-28 pc, and 11 had neuropathy (age 53±11 years, NIS-LL=17+/-12, PNCV 39+/- 8 m/s, SNAP 5+/- 3 mA, TNOL 18+/-2 ms, VPT 30+/- 13 Volts, CDT 97+/- 2 pc, DBHRV 13+/-29 pc. CCFM was performed to quantify corneal nerve morphology: nerve fibre density (NFD), tortuosity (NFT), and branch density (NFBD) were compared with normative values from healthy volunteers (n=23, age 52±15). 3 mm punch SKIN biopsies were performed from the dorsum of the foot and immunohistochemical staining was performed with PGP 9.5 to quantify dermal nerve fibre density (DNFD) and compared with normative values from 22 volunteers (age and sex matched). Results: 1) CCFM demonstrated differences between non neuropathic diabetic, neuropathic diabetic and control groups. Respective results are given as mean +/- SD: NFD 29+/-10, 35+/-13, and 46+/-16 nerves/mm2 (ANOVA P= 0.02), NFT 8+/-8, 19+/-14, 24+/-10 (tortuosity index, ANOVA P=0.002), NFBD 6+/-2, 6+/-3, 33+/-26 branches/mm2 (ANOVA P< 0.001). Post-hoc analysis showed a significant difference between both diabetic groups and controls for NFBD (P< 0.01), but only for non neuropathic diabetic groups compared to controls for NFD (P< 0.05), NFT (P< 0.01). 2) DNFD was reduced in all diabetic patients, non neuropathic and neuropathic, compared to controls (respectively 203+/-114, 190+/-58, and 414+/-196 fibres/mm2: mean + SD, ANOVA P< 0.001). No differences between the two patient groups were showed by post-hoc analysis. 3) Positive correlations were found between NFBD and SNAP (Pearson r= 0.55, P= 0.01), NFT and SNAP (r= 0.55, P= 0.004), and DNFD and SNAP (r=0.53, P= 0.01). NFD and NFBD inversely correlated with Peroneal F waves Latencies at (r=-0.63, P= 0.002) and r=- 0.64, P= 0.001, respectively. Conclusions: Whilst both CCFM and DNFD were more reduced in diabetic patients with compared to those without neuropathy this did not reach significance. Corneal nerve morphology and SKIN DNFD correlated with electrophysiological parameters. However, they did not correlate to each other. This preliminary study demonstrates significant associations between corneal nerve morphology, ENFD and conventional measures of neuropathic severity suggesting that they may be reliable surrogate measures of human diabetic neuropathy. The correlation between some of the CCFM parameters and F waves suggests that CCFM may be particularly important in the very early stages of diabetic neuropathy.  

Background: Granulomatous dermatoses are common SKIN pathology, often need histopathological confirmation for diagnosis. Histologically six sub-types of granulomas found in granulomatous SKIN diseases-tuberculoid, sarcoidal, necrobiotic, suppurative, foreign body & histoid type. The aims of the present study were clinico-pathological evaluation of granulomatous SKIN lesions and their etiological classification based on histopathological examination. Methods: It was a five years (Jan 2009-Dec 2013) retrospective study involving all the SKIN biopsies. Detailed clinical and histopathological features were analyzed and granulomatous SKIN lesions were categorized according to type of granuloma & etiology. Special stains were used in few cases for diagnostic purpose. Results: Among 1280 SKIN biopsies, 186 cases (14. 53%) were granulomatous SKIN lesions with a ratio 1: 24. In histopathological sub-typing, tuberculoid granuloma was most common type (126 cases, 67. 74%). Most common etiology of granuloma in the study was leprosy (107 cases, 57. 52%). Other etiologies were cutaneous tuberculosis, foreign body granulomas, fungal lesions, cutaneous leishmaniasis, sarcoidosis and granuloma annulare. Conclusion: Histopathology is established as gold standard investigation for diagnosis, categorization and clinico-pathological correlation of granulomatous SKIN lesions.

Background: Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous multisystem disease of unknown etiology. It has recently been tried to detect mycobacterial genome in BIOPSY specimens of patients with sarcoidosis by Polymerase Chain Reaction method. Objective: To detect and identify mycobacteria species in cutaneous lesions of the patients with sarcoidosis by PCR-RFLP. Materials and Methods: Twenty patients with clinical diagnosis of sarcoidosis were enrolled in this study. Clinical manifestations, appearance of naked granuloma under light microscope and exclusion of other diagnoses confirmed the diagnosis of sarcoidosis in the patients. By PCR-RFLP, genome of mycobacteria species was searched in paraffin embedded specimen of SKIN biopsies of the patients. Four PCR positive SKIN BIOPSY specimens of patients with cutaneous tuberculosis were used as positive control. Ten SKIN BIOPSY specimens with diagnoses other than tuberculosis were used as negative control. Results: Mycobacteria genome was not detected in any specimens of the patients. Conclusion: Our findings do not support the role of mycobacteria species in the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis.